What type of inspection may be conducted by an IA on an aircraft if it is overdue for its annual?

The correct choice reflects that an Inspection Authorization (IA) holder is permitted to conduct an annual inspection on an aircraft that is overdue for its annual. An annual inspection is a comprehensive examination of the aircraft that evaluates its overall condition and airworthiness.

When an aircraft is overdue for its annual inspection, it is still crucial for maintaining safety and compliance with aviation regulations. The IA has the authority to perform the annual inspection, which ensures adherence to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards and regulations. This authority is especially important as it allows the IA to identify any issues or potential maintenance needs before the aircraft can continue safe operation.

Other options present misunderstandings of the IA's capabilities. A one-time inspection usually refers to a specific sort of inspection that might not satisfy the comprehensive requirements of an annual inspection. A condition inspection typically involves assessing the aircraft under specific circumstances but doesn't replace the requirement for an annual. The choice stating that an IA cannot conduct any inspection is incorrect because the IA has the authority to perform necessary inspections, including an overdue annual.